If an insurance company acts in a particularly monstrous manner, a jury may award the policyholder punitive damages in order to punish the insurance company for its faults and prevent it from acting in bad faith with other policyholders. If the insurance company is simply making a mistake and has not acted in bad faith, the right way is only to pay the debt. To produce an apology, bad faith first adopts a third-person attitude toward itself. If it becomes necessary to escape from this attitude that he has made of himself, then it takes the perspective of the self. In neither case can the deception be totally successful. Without these two facets of existence, if consciousness were uniform and non-divisible, as in the indivisible “I think, therefore I am,” it would be impossible to explain how the very project of self-delusion could be possible. The Freudian theory of the unconscious is considered by Sartre to be based on an incoherent view of consciousness, but the project of psychoanalysis, which reveals the “fundamental project” of an individual`s life, is considered valid. [29] Duhaime also refers to another description, “. Bad faith refers to a subjective state of mind. motivated by ill will. or even obscure endings. [56] The existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre called the belief that there is in itself something good in itself that is inherent in the world as an absolute value and that can be discovered by man, “the spirit of seriousness” which, according to him, leads to bad faith.

He argued that people fall into a spirit of seriousness because they take their values too seriously and forget that values are contingent, selected and subjectively attributed. [30] In Sartre`s words, “the spirit of seriousness has two characteristics: it considers values as transcendent realities, regardless of human subjectivity, and transfers the quality of the `desirable` of the ontological structure of things to their simple material constitution. [31] A “tropism” is an act that is done without conscious thought. [33] While self-delusion can be a tropism that is not done consciously, it can be guided by “projects” that one can set up for one`s life, such as for example. B the desire for personal pleasure, wealth, power or to go to heaven…